![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The present study was based on data from a longitudinal research program which consisted of 12 032 children, born in the Stockholm area in 1953 of which there were 494 children born with low birth weight (LBW, 2500 g or less). IUGR infants are subject to an increased risk for adverse short- and long-term outcome compared with SGA children. The long-term outcome was affected by increased risk for neurodevelopmental impairment (24.7% vs 5.6% OR, 5.5) and growth delay (21.2% vs 7.4% OR, 3.4). Fetuses with IUGR were delivered earlier (35 vs 38 weeks) and had higher rates of mortality (8% vs 1% odds ratio, 8.3) as well as perinatal complications (24.4% vs 1.0% OR, 31.6). We included 219 IUGR and 299 SGA infants for perinatal and 146 and 215 for long-term analysis. The secondary outcomes were perinatal complications. The primary outcome was neurodevelopmental delay at 2 years corrected age. Group assignment was based on birthweight, Doppler ultrasound, and placental morphology. ![]() The outcome of infants with IUGR and SGA born at the Medical University Graz (Austria) between 20 was retrospectively analyzed. The objective of the study was to evaluate perinatal and long-term complications of fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) compared with constitutionally small for gestational age (SGA) ones. These findings suggest that at D19, in a rodent model, a maternal HF diet alters placental and fetal growth, and that vegetable supplementation renders a protective effect against these changes. HF+VS, and chemokine signaling pathway in NF vs. KEGG enrichment analysis identified a significant representation of DEGs in the ubiquitin mediated proteolysis pathway in HF vs. HF+VS DEGs identified that synapse organization and regulation of embryonic development were significantly represented. The vegetable substitution diet decreased Apold1 ( P=.0319), Spata2l ( P=.0404), and Celsr1 ( P<.03) expression compared to HF diet. Feeding of a maternal HF diet was associated with 79 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while maternal vegetable substitution was associated with 131 DEGs. HF+VS diet prevented maternal HF diet-induced decreases in placental weight at D19. RNA was isolated from fetal whole brains and sequenced using Illumina HiSeq. Placenta and fetal weights were measured at gestational age 19 (D19). Dams were then bred with NF diet-fed male mice. Two-month-old female C57BL/6 mice were fed 16% (normal-fat, NF), 45% fat (HF), or HF substituted with vegetables (5% energy, HF+VS) diets for 12 weeks. The primary aim of this study was to determine the effects of 5% of energy substitution by vegetables in a maternal dietary fat on placental and fetal weight and on fetal brain gene expression. Maternal dietary conditions play a major role in fetal growth and brain development. ![]()
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